What's this?Diabetes is a chronic disease in the endocrine community.In all patients, improper absorption of glucose can lead to insufficient hormone insulin, which may be relative or absolute.
What should food be?A balanced diet, including lots of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat proteins and healthy fats, can help people with diabetes control their blood sugar levels.
General power rules of diabetes
Today, the incidence of diabetes is one of the most pressing problems in medicine.Statistics show that the number of patients diagnosed has doubled since 2013.Currently, more than 425 million people suffer from him.Predictions, sad.In 10 - 12 years, the number of patients in the world may be 629 million.
Diabetes is a chronic disease in the endocrine community.In all patients, improper absorption of glucose can lead to insufficient hormone insulin, which may be relative or absolute.
As a result, the patient suffered from hyperglycemia, characterized by persistent hyperglycemia.Diabetes can lead to invasion of every type of metabolism, namely carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and water salts.
It is worth noting what happened due to the disease.Type 1 diabetes begins to develop when a person has destruction or pancreatic cells.In this case, the most common is absolute insulin deficiency.Genetics can also play a role here, as well as various external factors - food habits, viral diseases, violations of hygiene principles, etc.
With the second type of diabetes, insulin resistance develops.In this type, insulin deficiency is relative.It is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia.
Regardless of the type of disease, all patients will have an increase in blood sugar.Cells lack carbohydrates due to their resistance to glucose.That is, glucose does not enter the cage, but just swims in the blood.
Every patient with diabetes should follow the prescribed diet by the attending physician.Patients need to reduce carbohydrate load by 5-7%, and the amount of fat used should be increased.
Not so long ago, the power of diabetes meant completely eliminating simple carbohydrates.But today, the patient's diet calculated by KBZHU is compiled individually.From diabetics themselves, you can often hear the following phrase: "With diabetes, there are no strict prohibitions, only a healthy lifestyle."
The basis of diet is the glycemic index that shows sugar suction rate.
The high glycemic index has a high content of simple carbohydrates.These include candies, jams, cookies, and more.That is, sugars are absorbed from them quickly enough.In Croatia, vegetables and fruits use lower suction rates, respectively.This makes it easier for the pancreas to cope with the load.
Important:The patient's diet should include products with a glycemic index below 55.Their division gradually occurs, and blood sugar levels do not actually increase.
Each product has its own insulin index.This indicator shows how much insulin will be added after eating.To predict the body's response to the use of a specific food and to correctly calculate the short and long dose of insulin as a drug, the value of each patient with diabetes must be considered to predict the body's response to the use of a specific food.After eating, the doctor prescribed an injection of the drug.
In fact, the patient was eaten and the meal would release insulin anyway.The development of insulin resistance usually depends on the number of so-called "insulin fluctuations."The more, the higher the probability of resistance.The latter in turn leads to the development of type 2 diabetes.Let's give an example.
Many of us tend to believe that dairy and fermented milk products such as cheese, kefir, yogurt, are the perfect snack.In fact, all of these products have a high insulin index.Therefore, their use of forced swings can lead to changes in the patient's emotional background, depression and irritability.
Below, we will analyze the basis of diabetes nutrition.
type 1 diabetes diet
A proper balanced diet in type 1 diabetes opens up the possibility of lowering the risk of stroke, heart attacks, and complications, maintaining normal blood sugar levels, increasing the protection mechanisms of the immune system, and getting rid of excessive weight.In the diet recommended by the subject physician, the patient will feel good.
The main rule is to control the glucose level in the blood, which should vary in the range of 3.5 to 5.5 mmol/l.The basic principles of nutrition are as follows:
- Do not consume more than 2,000 kilowatts per day.
- Small fractional strength.At least 5 meals a day.
- There should be no pure sucrose in the diet, which will maintain normal glucose levels.
- Most carbohydrates should be in the first half of the day.
- Abstinence for supper.
- The biggest exclusion of simple carbohydrates contained in baking, jam, candy and honey.
- Use succine.Stevia is perfect here.It is important to prioritize products with natural ingredients.
- Figures of establishing insulin therapy during food periods.Long-term medications are taken before meals, short-acting medications - afterwards.
- Keep the accounting of the bread unit.The value of each received should not be higher than 8 bread units.
If the patient has a history of gastrointestinal diseases, they should exclude from the diet smoked, smoked, fats (including broccoli), coffee, soda, alcohol, mushrooms, mushrooms, canned products.In other words, people should not use methods that promote excessive enzyme secretion because they can affect the rate of carbohydrate absorption.
For patients with diabetes, the product is divided into permitted and prohibited.The following categories must be considered when compiling weekly menus.A competent method will normalize glucose levels in the blood.Ignoring nutritionists’ advice can lead to sad consequences.
Products developed for type 1 diabetes:
- Baked without yeast.For example, Lavash.
- Berries and fruits.For example, plums, cherries, citrus fruits, apples, pears.
- Soy products (tofu, milk).
- Cereals and cereals (barley, oatmeal, buckwheat).
- Vegetarian soup, including soup.
- Beverages, including carbonated mineral water, mousse of berries, unsweetened combinations.
- vegetable.For example, onions, zucchini, pepper, beets, carrots.
- nut.
- Nick has coffee, sugar-free tea.
Prohibited products for type 1 diabetes:
- Fat soup and broth.
- pasta.
- bakery.
- candy.
- Candy and chocolate.
- Fast food dishes, semi-produced products.
- Alcohol.Red dessert wine is a special ban.
- Smoky, sharp, and intensely salty.
- Fat meat, especially pork, lamb, and duck.
- Fat fish.For example, mackerel.
Importantly, the product in the diet has a minimum degree of processing during the preparation process.
It is recommended to eat vegetables and fruits raw, but in stew, boil or bake - also allowed.Doctors do not recommend fried food.
If the patient participates in exercise, the food can be adjusted during intense loads, as training results in more carbohydrates consumed.
To avoid hyperglycemia coma, it is recommended that patients in their diet include plant products to reduce blood sugar.For example, it could be blueberry soup or rose hip tea.
Important:In the presence of a disease, patients should follow the individual diet prescribed by the attending physician, rather than the general recommendation.If the body mass index indicates obesity in patients receiving insulin, its daily calories should be between 1200 and 1400 kcal.If no weight correction is required, the daily calorie rate will increase.
Type 2 diabetes diet
The power supply for type 2 diabetes is based on the following basis:
- Sugar - The shallow layer is a replacement for refined carbohydrates.
- Protein should be 20% of the diet, fat -30% and carbohydrates -50%.
- The consumption of animal fat should be reduced to 50%.
The daily calorie rate depends on the energy the patient spends during the day and his weight.It is necessary to have 5 meals during the day, the dishes are cooked or cooked in a cooked form.
Because people with diabetes have increased sensitivity to the kidneys, you cannot overuse it with protein products.The diet must include products that help improve fat metabolism.These include bran, rose flowers, vegetable oils, cereals, fermented milk products.
In order to understand the effectiveness of diet, patients were tested for blood sugar at a certain frequency.The blood on the first fence was empty and the next two hours.If the results differ from normal indicators, the doctor will adjust the patient's diet and change the dosage of the drug.
There is not much difference in the electricity supply for type 2 diabetes from people who stick to a healthy lifestyle.These and others feed on small amounts, but often.It is recommended that the number of meals per day is 5, including 3 main meals, each meal equals 5-8 bread units, and 2 snacks equals 1-2 bread units.
You can't ignore breakfast, which is important for rational meals.It must be eaten at least every 4 hours, and the last meal will take less than an hour and a half before going to bed.Following the above recommendations is an excellent prevention of the cardiovascular system, eye lesions (retinopathy), kidney (nephropathy), and nervous system (neurosis).
Useful products for diabetes
ginger
Ginger has a positive effect on metabolism, which normalizes the patient's blood sugar index and improves blood clotting.It is recommended to use it every day.
Whole grain
Products like whole grain bread, movie seeds and brown rice can prevent the development of diabetes.Normalization of glucose levels in the blood due to their use can be explained by a sufficient number of fiber composition.Since whole grains create obstacles for sugar jumps and are particularly eager to eat something with a high glycemic index, you absolutely have to add complex carbohydrates to your dishes.
Cinnamon
Cinnamon helps improve cell sensitivity to insulin.This fragrance is involved in the regulation of insulin levels.Additionally, it normalizes blood pressure, so it is recommended to use it not only for patients with diabetes, but also for hypertension.
Tangerine
Any citrus fruit has antioxidants.They also normalize insulin levels.
nut
Nuts contain a lot of monosaturated fat and magnesium.Statistics show that diabetics who eat nuts frequently suffer less from glucose jumping.
olive oil
The use of olive oil is an excellent prevention of cardiovascular diseases.Furthermore, the product regulates glucose levels in the blood.
fish
Fish is the source of omega-3.These fatty acids should be a mandatory component of diabetes nutrition.They combine red blood cells and cell membranes, which actively affect the absorption of vitamins and minerals into the body, reduce inflammation and prevent the development of insulin resistance.
Beans
Beans are another stabilizer for glucose levels in patients' blood.They do not actually damage the saturated fat that damages the cardiovascular system.
green vegetables
Salad leaves, spinach, all types of cabbage are the basis of a diabetic diet.Such products are low, but at the same time, they contain sufficient amounts of useful substances.The latter includes vitamin C, beta-carotene and magnesium.These elements can increase the development of type 2 diabetes by 14%.Recommended dosage - 106 grams per day.
Prohibited products for diabetes
Today, doctors believe there is no need to strictly limit patients with diabetes in their diet.Patients can afford the ability to taste and diversity, but there are many products that still recommend you avoid diabetics and are also recommended for all healthy lifestyle proponents.
Some fruits
Some fruits and dried fruits can promote blood sugar increase.These include dried apricots, dates, figs, raisins, persimmons, melons, grapes, bananas.
Transfer office
There are a wide range of dishes on the fast food menu as well as the dishes of candy dishes.They not only harm health, but also harm a number.
Semi-production products
Semi-production products are prepared using additives such as flavoring agents, stabilizers, flavor amplifiers.Especially it is not recommended to buy fish sticks, meatballs, sausages, dumplings and sausages in the store.If you really want to, it's better to cook it yourself.
Fat food
Fat foods can stimulate blood sugar.The power supply for diabetes should not include duck, pork, lamb, lard, mayonnaise and fatty dairy products.
bakery
Asso baking should also be excluded.It includes bakery products, muffins and cookies.
sweet
It is necessary to give up sugar in purebred form and in large quantities of products containing sugar.Under the ban: ice cream, milk chocolate, jam, Halva, jam, jam and other candies.
Table 9 of diabetes
In the first quarter of the 20th century, 15 diets were developed for people with diabetes and other diseases.Their authorship belongs to a well-known nutritionist.Although his system is outdated today, it has not lost its effectiveness, so many doctors are still using it today.
A place for a type 2 diabetes patient - in 9 tables.Table 9 is based on the same principle used today: partially or completely reject fast carbohydrates, with particular attention to proteins and fibers.
Even though the diet was created 100 years ago, it can still be used, but endocrinologists make their own adjustments based on the patient's condition.
Diet for gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes is the result of pancreatic malformation in pregnant women.Usually, this situation is easy to control.The main rule is to eat rationally.
- Do not eat sugar, cakes, cakes, Sdoba, fruits with high sugar content, sugar content and products containing sugar.
- BJU should have the following ratios -30%, 20%, 50%.
- A clean drinking water must be from 1.5 liters to 2 liters per day.
- Includes starch products in the diet, including cereals, beans, battles, beets, radishes, and fermented milk products.
- Fresh fruit is perfect for snacks.
- The total number of meals is 5, of which 3 are the main and 2 snacks.
- Don't ignore the vitamin complexes that are expected to mother.
- To reduce sugar, drink soup from plants: celery, linden, lilac, blueberries and beans.
- Reject or limit caffeine in your diet.The tea and coffee portion should not exceed 2 per day.
Diabetes in children
The main reason for the development of diabetes in children is hereditary tendencies or lack of rational nutrition.In the latter case, we are talking about abuse of simple carbs and sweetness.In some cases, diabetes in children occurs due to mental or physical trauma.Depending on the severity of the disease, the main effect is nutrition and the effect of insulin introduction if we talk about type 1 diabetes.
Nutrition for diabetic children must include vegetables: cabbage, onion, spinach and garlic.There are fruits, but only those sugars with the least amount.Low-fat meat, poultry and fish are also allowed.Dairy products - Provisions, provided that they have a very low percentage of fat content.Flavors that allow for enhanced protein absorption can be accepted.
Candy and sweet fruits - strictly prohibited.It is also recommended to exclude rice.
The attending doctor teaches their parents of minor patients to calculate the amount of bread units and the dose of insulin.What’s important is: the sooner the child learns to do it himself, the better.
Diabetic alcohol
If it is not possible to give up its use completely, it is recommended to strictly limit alcohol.How much alcohol a patient can consume is determined by the attending physician.
A small amount of alcohol is allowed, but it is important to remember something here.
The stronger the alcohol, the more calories it has.There are 710 kg per 100 grams of pure alcohol, which is no much less than fat.Any alcoholic beverage also has energy value and carbohydrates.A glass of beer is about 200 kg and a glass of wine is about 100.
Why is it not recommended to drink alcohol?The problem is that it causes a sugar jump and can lead to hypoglycemia, which is a sharp drop in glucose levels.When you drink alcohol, the alcohol enters the liver and the organ devotes its energy to the breakdown of alcohol molecules, forgetting that it also needs to release glucose.To prevent this from happening, it's best to drink alcohol with or immediately after eating.
By the way, some scientists believe that a reasonable amount of alcohol not only won’t hurt, but it’s hardly any benefit for people with type 2 diabetes.
It is important to remember that alcohol stimulates the growth of glucose levels and its regular use can lead to the development of a second type of diabetes.
In addition, many drugs cannot be used in combination with alcohol.These include insulin and sulfomocevina.This combination can cause intense hyperglycemia.
How to drink alcohol from diabetics?
- Consider the calorie content of alcohol as well as your typical diet.
- Preferred low-calorie beverages have very few calories.
- Don't drink alcohol on an empty stomach.
- Eat alcohol.
- Control glucose levels in the blood.
- In the company you drink, warn you of your illness.If necessary, prepare people to provide urgent assistance.
- Do not mix alcohol and medication.